European stock markets opened little changed to firmer on Tuesday as investors kept a cautious eye on developments in Spain after initial enthusiasm over a massive bank bailout faded badly the previous day.
In opening trade, London's FTSE 100 index of leading companies climbed 0.18 percent to 5,442.39 points, Frankfurt's DAX 30 was flat at 6,141.92 points and in Paris the CAC 40 edged up 0.04 percent to 3,044.10 points.
Madrid's IBEX 35 index fell 0.52 percent at the open but then reversed course to show a gain of 0.72 percent to 6,563 points, with top banks Santander and BBVA showing small gains and troubled Bankia slipping.
On Monday, markets soared on news of the Spanish bank rescue accord but the sharp early gains were lost as borrowing costs for Madrid and then Rome began rising sharply, reflecting investor unease at the potential impact of the bailout on the public finances.